Forensic biology is the application of biology to aid legal investigations. Included in this field are the likes of forensic odontology, forensic psychology, forensic toxicology,forensic anthropology, and forensic entomology, all of which you can read about in other sections of this site.

However the primary duties of a forensic biologist is the analysis of DNA, bodily fluids, and serology.

Biological Fluids

When a crime is committed, there may be some kind of biological fluid left behind at the scene, on evidence, or on a victim. These fluids - which include the likes of blood, semen, and saliva – can be analysed and used in the identification of suspects and even victims. When a biological fluid is collected, it is stored in a refrigeration unit, until an analyst is ready to carry out tests on the substance. The first step is to find out what the fluid is, which is done through a series of presumptive screening tests. It is then possible to extract a DNA sample.

Serology

Forensic serology is the study and analysis of serums (blood, semen, saliva), though focuses mainly on the study of blood, namely determining the type and characteristics, blood testing, and bloodstain analysis. Blood is one of the most common, well-known forms of evidence, and can almost always link a suspect to the scene if found.

There are a number of points that can help match a blood sample to a particular person. First off, blood types. Though many people share the same blood types, blood typing is one way of narrowing down suspects. In the mid 20th century, scientists found that the nuclei of female blood cells contains a chromosome-related structure that distinguishes female blood from male blood. Highly useful to the forensic serologist. And of course DNA. Blood is an excellent source of DNA, offering a perfect way to match the blood found to a suspect or victim.